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The NIE for foreign buyers: what it is and how to get one
You cannot complete a Spanish purchase without it. Here is what the NIE is, why it matters, and the fastest way to obtain it.
What the NIE is
The Número de Identidad de Extranjero (NIE) is your Spanish tax and identification number as a foreigner. It is not a residence permit — it is simply the number the tax office, notary and Land Registry use to identify you. You need it to sign a deed, pay purchase taxes, set up utilities and open most bank accounts.
Three ways to get one
- At a Spanish consulate in your home country, before you travel. Slower, but convenient if you are not yet in Spain.
- In person in Spain, at a National Police foreigners' office, by appointment (cita previa). Appointments can be scarce in busy provinces.
- Through your lawyer under a power of attorney — the option most international buyers use, because it removes the appointment lottery entirely.
What you will need
Typically a completed application form (EX-15), your passport and a copy, proof of the reason for the request (for a purchase, the reservation or arras contract), and payment of the small administrative fee (tasa, Modelo 790-012). Documents issued abroad may need an apostille and a sworn translation.
Common mistakes
The NIE does not expire, so you only need it once — but the paper certificate can be misplaced, and you will be asked for it repeatedly, so keep scans. Couples buying together each need their own NIE. And leaving it to the last minute is the classic error: without it, completion simply cannot go ahead.
If you are buying through power of attorney, we usually obtain the NIE as part of the same mandate, so it is ready well before your completion date.
This guide is general information, not legal advice for your specific case, and tax and planning rules in Spain change frequently. For advice on a particular property, get in touch for a free consultation.
